Bei der Entwicklung Ihres Spiels kann es Situationen geben, in denen Ihr Spieler eine Art von Input an einem Actor im Level ausführen soll. Zum Beispiel könnte es eine Truhe geben, die Sie öffnen sollen, wenn Sie sich ihr nähern, oder Lichter, die Sie ein- und ausschalten lassen können, oder eine Art von interagierbarem Objekt, dass sich verändert, wenn Spieler einen Schalter betätigen.
Mit der Einrichtung von Input für einen Actor haben Sie die Kontrolle darüber, wie der Actor auf Aktionen vom Spieler reagiert.
Anleitung für die Implementierung
This guide covers the basic methods on how to Enable Input or Disable Input for an Actor. By Enabling Input on an Actor, you can allow a player to press a button or key and execute events that affect the Actor in some way (be it turn a light on or off, open or close a door, activate something, etc.).
The Enable/Disable Input Usage section also covers an approach to Enabling/Disabling Input using a Trigger Volume to determine if a player is near the Actor in the level. This is useful when you want a player to affect the Actor only when they are near or in range of the Actor to conceivably affect it in a real-world scenario.
Enabling Actor Input
For this example, we are using the Blueprint First Person Template with Starter Content.
The steps below will show you how to Enable Input for an Actor:
Inside the StarterContent/Blueprints folder, open the Blueprint_Effect_Fire asset.
On the Event Graph tab, Right-click in the graph and search for then add the Event Begin Play node.
In the graph, Right-click search for and add the Get Player Controller node.
In the graph, Right-click search for and add the Enable Input node.
Connect the out pin of the Event Begin Play to the in pin of the Enable Input node.
Connect the Get Player Controller node to the in Player Controller pin on the Enable Input node.
This is the basic method in which you can enable input on an Actor.
The Enable Input node requires that a Target (usually Self - the Actor itself) as well as a Player Controller (the player that will be providing the input) be specified. With this setup, you could now search for and add Input Event nodes (such as a Key or Mouse Button press) and perform actions that affect the Actor when those keys are pressed.
In the example above, the Event Begin Play node states that when the game is started (provided the Actor exists in the level), Enable Input for the Player Controller specified. The default Player Controller uses Player Index 0 for Single Player games, if you were to have a multiplayer scenario, you could specify which player through the Player Index value.
Disabling Actor Input
Just as you can Enable Input on an Actor, you can also Disable Input for an Actor by using the Disable Input node.
In the example above, we used the aforementioned method of enabling input on the Actor then added an E Key Event. When the E key is pressed, we print to the screen some text then Disable Input on the Actor so that they can no longer provide input to the Actor.
As with the Enable Input node, the Disable Input node requires that a Target and Player Controller be specified.
Enable/Disable Input Usage
While the methods noted above work for Enabling/Disabling Input, typically you would want some rules to govern when to allow the Actor to receive Input from a player. If we were to use the method above of Enabling Input on Event Begin Play and had a Key Press that turned on or off a light (for example), the player would be able to turn that light on/off from anywhere in the world.
We would want to Enable/Disable Input based on if the player is near the light, similar to the below:
Inside the StarterContent/Blueprints folder, open the Blueprint_CeilingLight asset.
In the Components panel, click the Add Component, then search for and add Sphere Collision.
In the Details panel, set the Variable Name to Trigger, the Z Transform to -180.0, and Scale for X, Y, Z to 8.
We are going to Enable Input (when the player is inside) or Disable Input (when the player is outside) of the sphere.
Return to the Event Graph.
In the MyBlueprint window, Right-click on the Trigger and choose Add Event -> Add OnComponentBeginOverlap.
Right-click on Trigger again and choose Add Event -> Add OnComponentEndOverlap.
These two Event nodes should be added to the graph.
Drag off the Other Actor pin of the Begin Overlap node and search for and add the Cast To FirstPersonCharacter node.
Here we are saying that when an Actor called FirstPersonCharacter (which is the default player character for the Project Template) overlaps the Trigger, do something.
Drag off the Other Actor pin of the End Overlap node and add the Cast To FirstPersonCharacter node.
Right-click and add the Get Player Controller node, Enable Input, and Disable Input nodes.
Connect the nodes as shown below.
Input will now only be enabled when the player enters the trigger and is disabled when the player leaves the trigger. This prevents the player from affecting the Actor from anywhere in the world and confines it to only when they are inside the trigger volume we created.
Right-click and add the E Key Event and it to a Print String node.
Compile and Save, then close the Blueprint. (If you receive a Warning, ignore it and proceed to the next step.)
Drag the Blueprint_CeilingLight into the level, then click the Play Button to play in the Editor.
When playing, if you press E when far away from the light, nothing should happen. When you get close to the light (inside the trigger) and press E, the text Hello should appear in the upper left corner of the window. For this example, we hooked up a Print String node, however you could toggle the light color, intensity, or other settings when the key is pressed and the player is inside the trigger sphere.
Input Details
Replace the E Key Event in the example above and try using a Space Bar Key Event instead. When you play in the Editor, notice what happens. You can Jump by pressing Space Bar when outside of the trigger for the light, however when you enter the trigger and press Space Bar, you no longer Jump but instead call the Print String and text Hello; this is due to Input Priority.
When Input commands are shared (as is the case here with Jump and the input we assigned in our Light both tied to Space Bar), lower priority actions are ignored. Inside the light Blueprint, if you click on the Space Bar Key Event and look in the Details panel, you should see an option for Consume Input.
If you un-check the Consume Input checkbox and play in the Editor again, you should now be able to Jump both inside and outside of the light's trigger volume. When inside the light's trigger volume, by pressing Space Bar you will also call the Print String node and the Hello text to be displayed.
Also in the Input Details window are options for Execute when Paused (which allows you to press the Key during the paused state and execute commands) and Override Parent Binding (which allows you to remove any bindings set in any parent classes).